What is EN 10130?

EN 10130 is a European Standard that applies to cold rolled low carbon steel flat products for cold forming, which specifies its manufacturing requirements and technical delivery conditions. 

These products are produced in a dimension equal to or more than 600 millimeters and with a minimum thickness of 0.35 millimeters. Unless specifically specified at the time of inquiry and order, it is delivered in sheet, coil, and slit coil with a dimension of equal to or less than 3 millimeters. It may also be customized cut length from a slit coil or sheet.

EN 10130 does not cover standard specifications for cold-rolled narrow strips that are less than 600 millimeters in dimension.

EN 10130 Equivalent

Cold rolled low carbon steel flat product meeting European standards intended for cold forming is the DC01 steel (1.0330 material). However, other steel grades are included in the BS and DIN EN 10130 standard, such as DC03 (1.0347), DC04 (1.0338), DC05 (1.0312), DC06 (1.0873), and DC07 (1.0898).

Conclusion

It is essential to follow the standard requirements to ensure that locally manufactured steel products maintain excellence and quality.

What is ASTM A1008?

ASTM A1008 is a type of carbon steel used for a wide variety of applications that need high strength and toughness. It is used in the automotive, construction, and aerospace industries.

It is a type of steel used for manufacturing parts that are subjected to high pressure, such as hydraulic cylinder parts and valves. It is usually used in the form of plates, sheets, bars, and tubes.

What is 1008  steel used for?

ASTM A1008 is one of the most commonly used materials in the construction industry. It is used in everything from bridges and buildings to guardrails and handrails. It’s most commonly used in the creation of gears and other machinery parts, but it can be used in a variety of other applications as well.

It’s also common in transportation, particularly as structural support for trains, buses, and automobiles.

This material has many benefits over other types of steel: it’s easy to weld and can be bent without much difficulty or distortion; it’s resistant to corrosion, and it has a high yield strength (4125 megapascals). It also has good impact strength (1750 megapascals).

What is 1008 chemical composition?

The name “1008” comes from its chemical composition: 0.08% to 1.2% carbon content by weight, making it medium-carbon steel. This means that 1008 steel is more than 99% iron, which gives it a high level of durability and strength. It has good toughness and strength at both low and high temperatures.

Classification

ASTM A1008 cold-rolled steel sheets are available in the market in the following designations:

• Deep Drawing Steel (DDS)
• Extra Deep Drawing Steel (EDDS)
• Structural Steel (SS)
• High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel (HSLAS)
• High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel with Improved Formability (HSLAS-F)
• Solution Hardened Steel (SHS)
• Bake Hardenable Steel (BHS)

ASTM A1008 Equivalent

The ASTM A1008 has equivalent materials but some may have slight differences in composition and parameters. You may check its equivalent in some supplier sites.

Conclusion

ASTM A1008 is a good choice for many applications during construction projects where steel reinforcements may need extra protection.

What is EN 10025?

EN 10025 is a six-part European standard (or euro norm) for manufacturing hot-rolled structural steel products and their delivery conditions. Products applicable to EN 10025 are the hot-rolled steel coils and hot-rolled steel sections.

EN 10025 equivalent

Since the EU Standard categories are intrinsically not a universal standard, other countries of the world may use some similar grades with the same Chemical and Mechanical characteristics. 

As an illustration, structural steels produced for the US market must be defined following ASTM International standards and will be referenced with an “A” (rather than “S” in EN standards) and the appropriate Grade. Below are examples in the table:

Classification

Following the European standard classifications, structural steels must be addressed using standard symbols such as but not limited to S, 235, J2/ K2/ JR/ JO, W, Z, and C. 

• S – This means that it is structural steel.
• 235 – This relates to the steel’s minimum yield strength.
• JR/ J0/ J2/ K2 -These indicate the toughness of material in connection to “V” notch test method. 
• W – This means it is weather resistant. 
• Z – Thi indicates that the material is a reinforced structural steel parallel to the surface.
• C – This means the steel is cold-formed.

According to EN 10025, steel grades must be categorized as non-alloy quality steels. Steel grades S235 and S275 may be provided in JR, J0, and J2 qualities. S355 and S460 must follow JR, J0, J2, and K2 qualities while S500 may be offered with only J0 quality.

Specific impact energy requirements vary between the qualities, while there is none required for steel grades S185, and E295 to E360.

Manufacturing process

The manufacturing process includes steel-making and deoxidation. Except for the open hearth (Siemens-Martin) process, the manufacturer has complete control over the steel-making process. 

On the other hand, deoxidation techniques are categorized as follows:

• Optional – The method is at the manufacturer’s discretion.
• FN – The rimming steel is not authorized. 
• FF – The steel that has been destroyed contains enough nitrogen-binding components to bind the available nitrogen (a minimum of 0.020% total aluminum). When no additional nitrogen-binding substances are present, the standard recommendation is a minimum aluminum to nitrogen ratio of 2:1. The inspection document must include information about these additional elements, including their content (% mass).

Technological properties

General criteria for welding steel qualities JR, J0, J2, and K2 are specified in EN 1011-2 while recommendations for hot/ cold forming and flame straightening are described in CEN/TR 10347.

Technological properties indicated in EN 10025 are as follows:

• Products that are ordered and delivered in as-rolled or thermomechanical rolled states are not suitable for hot forming.
• Steel grades and qualities suitable for cold forming must be identified by the proper steel name and number.
• If indicated at the time of order, steels with a width of less than 150 mm and thickness of equal to or less than 30 mm, are suitable for flanging without cracking with the least advised bend radii.
• Production of steel sections by cold rolling can be done if the steel sheet is with a nominal thickness of less than 8 mm.
• With standard processes, any steel grades and qualities are machineable.

Surface properties

The surface properties vary depending on the type of structural steel:

• Strips. If the strip is processed properly, the surface condition should not prevent an application that is appropriate for the steel grade.
• Plates and wide flats. For the acceptable surface discontinuities and the surface defect rectification using grinding and/or welding, EN 10163-1 and EN 10163-2 shall apply. 
• Bars and rods. Unless otherwise specified at the time of the order, Class A of EN ISO 9443 applies to the allowable surface discontinuities and the repair of surface flaws by grinding and/or welding.

Conclusion

The applications of structural steels are numerous and diverse. If steel manufacturers follow EN steel standards, then a good quality structural steel product will surely be produced.

What is ASTM A1011?

Welded steel pipe is covered in the ASTM A671/A672 standards, which specify that welds should be made to meet the requirements of ISO 4589. The ASTM A1011 standard specification covers carbon steel plates, sheets, strips, and bars produced by hot-rolled or cold-rolled processes. It also covers stainless steel plates and sheets produced by the hot-rolled or cold-rolled methods.

ASTM A1011 specifies plate materials’ chemical composition, mechanical properties, and test methods. It also provides minimum requirements for marking plates, sheets, and strips with designations indicating the type of steel (example: “C” for carbon), type of rolling process (“N” for normalizing), and identification number assigned to products produced from molten bath alloying processes such as electroslag remelting (ESR).

Classification

ASTM A1011 is a standard specification for steel. It defines three steel grades, further divided into several sub-grades. The first two grades are used for structural applications, and the third is used in high-temperature applications.

The three ASTM A1011 grades are:

• High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) Steel: HSLA steel is designed to have a strength of at least 50 ksi (350 MPa). This grade is commonly used in the automotive industry but can also be found in other sectors.
• Low Carbon Steel: Low carbon steel consists of a minimum of 0.15% carbon by weight. It’s commonly used for its affordability and ease of recycling. It’s also used for many construction projects because it can be easily bent or formed into different shapes.
• Stainless Steel: Stainless steel contains at least 10% chromium by weight, making it resistant to corrosion from most environmental conditions such as air or water contact.

ASTM A1011 Equivalent 

ASTM A1011 equivalent is a standard specification for steel, which defines and classifies the different steel types used in manufacturing. This standard is commonly used to describe the kind of steel used in structural applications.

The ASTM A1011 equivalent refers to a specific classification system that divides steels into four main groups:

• Carbon Steel
• Alloy Steel
• Stainless Steel
• Tool Steel

Each of these groups has its characteristics and properties that make it unique from the others.

Conclusion

ASTM A1011 is the standard specification of carbon Steel. It covers steel plates, welded pipe, cold rolled coils, and sheets, as well as hot rolled plates with minimum yield strength requirements (MPa). They are generally produced through a process known as extrusion, where metal material gets pushed through a die by hydraulic pressure instead of being cut or cast into shape.

What is the JIS G3312?

JIS G3312 refers to the industrial standard for flat steel products. Japanese manufacturers must follow the conditions and specs listed in the document. It also explains the requirements for shape, dimensions, and surface treatment. It also includes prescribed testing methods.

This document serves as the English translation of the Japanese document. This is from the Japan Iron and Steel Federation (JISF) and follows existing laws. Steel manufacturers in the Asian nation follow the standards outlined in the document.

Classifications of Paint Coatings

Paint coatings for prepainted flat steel products fall into three classes. This comes from test results done on paint coating durability. Makers test both sides of the steel sheet. The different classes are as follows:

• Class 1 refers to a single coat that meets Clause 5 specifications.
• Class 2 are products with a double coating that meets Clause 5 specifications.
• Class 3 are products with two or more coats meeting Clause 5 specifications.

Clause 5 of the JIS G3312 refers to paint coating durability. Tested products should show no defects, aside from slight rust and blisters. The coating should protect the steel product from cracks and peeling. Chalking and fading criteria vary upon agreement.

Conclusion

Japanese steelmakers must abide by the JIS G3312. In doing so, they ensure the quality of the products they deliver.

What is EN 10169?

EN 10169 is a European technical standard for steel flat products. It includes the requirements for coating weights, thicknesses, and frequencies.

This document standard has three recognized versions. These versions are English, French, and German. It also describes in detail the specific products covered by the standard. The same standard includes steel flat products’ dimensions, materials, and performance requirements. Yet, it does not apply to electrical steel and tin mill products.

The current EN 10169 is the revised version of the 1997 guideline. The amendments took effect last March of the current year.

Organic Coatings

EN 10169 ensures you can protect steel flat products from corrosion. Manufacturers should only use organic coatings in their products. Yet, buyers have the choice to specify to their suppliers the type of coating that they need.

The standard also specifies that the type of coatings should meet the users’ needs. Products should likewise be flexible, corrosion-protected/resistant, and UV resistant.

The requirements under EN 10169 are vital. It helps makers of flat metal products organic coated flat steel keep the quality of their work.

Conclusion

Compliance with this guideline means the coil-coated steel flat products are high-quality. Yet, it doesn’t mean they’re immune to legal objections.

What is JIS G 3321?

JIS G 3321 specifies the mechanical criteria for sheets and coils. It includes bendability, tensile strength, elongation, and yield point or proof stress. The sheets undergo the hot-dip bath method that contains 55% aluminum, 1.6% silicon, and zinc. They make the steel sheets durable and strong.

The Standard also sets the base metal thickness of the sheets and coils. It also prescribes manufacturing processes that include strain aging, painting, and oiling. 

The JIS G 3321 also notes the chemical analysis for sheets and coils that manufacturers have to do. Makers will do the heat analysis to ensure compliance. Buyers will take charge of product analysis for verification.

Coating Mass

JIS G 3321 requires that coating mass undergo testing. It also specifies that sheets should have at least a coating mass on both sides.

Based on the previous testing, it also sets the guide on the average coatings that sheets should have. The number of coatings may also depend on the agreement of buyers and makers.

The Standard notes the standard finishes for the coating. The Normal Spangle is when the coating has a glittery finish. The Skin Pass, where the surface is smooth, as requested by the purchaser.

The JIS G 3321 also discusses the Coating Mass, mentioning the minimum requirements.

Conclusion

Makers should follow the requirements under the JIS G 3321. It helps makers of steel sheets and coils produce quality output.

What is the EN 10142?

EN 10142 lists the technical delivery conditions. Makers must follow them for making hot-dip zinc-coated flat metal products. The document also covers the specific product types covered by the standards. Dimensions, materials, and performance requirements appear in the publication.

Also, this document serves as the official English version of the standard. The requirements are also published in French and German. Member nations use these documents as a guide in making their products.

Mechanical Properties

Mechanical requirements for hot-dip zinc coated flat metal products appear under EN 10142. It includes proof and tensile strength, elongation, and strain coefficient requirements. It’s important to note that these mechanical requirements depend on the steel grade used.

The standard also specifies a standard period where the traditional mechanical properties apply. This also depends on the steel grade used and varies from eight days to six months.

Coatings

The standard only allows zinc (Z) or zinc-iron (ZF) alloys for coating. Also, it explains the coating mass required based on the steel. If there are additional requirements, the provider and the buyer can agree on proceeding.

Buyers should note the importance of coating material thickness. It determines the metal’s ability to deform without breaking. The coating also affects how it welds together with similar materials. 

Coating Finish

Spangles form when the zinc coating starts cooling down. EN 10142 notes the different coating finishes accepted for the steel products. Finish styles available also vary depending on the steel grade and designation used.

Standard spangle finishes allow for varying spangles to appear as zinc hardens. Meanwhile, minimized spangle finishes use extra work to hide marks from the observer. Other spangle requirements must be particularly indicated in the order.

Surface Treatment

Surface treatment is the extra protective layer on top of the product. The document lists methods allowed under the standard. It includes techniques like adding chemicals or applying oil. Doing so on the flat metal product prevents rust from building up.

Yet, the document allows for untreated products. This increases the risk of corrosion and is only permitted when the purchaser has requested it.

Conclusion

The requirements under EN 10142 are essential. It helps makers of flat metal products keep the quality of their work.

European Standard EN 10143 (Continuously hot-dip coated steel sheet and strip – Tolerances on dimensions and shape) was developed by the European Committee for Steel Standards. The competent German committee for the Iron and Steel Standards Committee (FES) is working committee 20 “Dimensional Standards for Flat Products”

Replacing DIN 59232 Flat Bar with EN 10143 Amends the new standard scope to include, in addition to hot-dip galvanized sheet and strip, other hot-dip galvanized flat bar products (e.g. dipped in molten aluminium, lead, etc.).

Scope of application

1. This European Standard specifies the dimensional and profile deviations for continuous hot-dip metallized flat steel of mild steel for cold forming and structural purposes with a thickness ≤ 3.0 mm.
2. This European Standard applies to all hot-dip metallized flat steel products.
3. Not suitable for cold rolled or hot rolled uncoated galvanized wide flat products.

Delivery conditions for EN 10143 standard steels

1. Standard or special thickness tolerances
2. Standard or special width tolerance
3. Standard or special length tolerances for thin sheets and narrow strips
4. Standard or special flatness tolerances for thin sheets and narrow strips

Size and shape tolerances

• Thickness
• Width
• Length
• Flatness
• Release force
• Sickle bend
• Size overlay
• Special customization requirements need to be negotiated when ordering.

Summarize

European standard EN 10143 applies to products such as continuous galvanized (Z), zinc-iron alloy (ZF), zinc-aluminum alloy (ZA), and aluminum-zinc alloy (AZ).

Carbon and high-strength steels for cold-formed and structural steels, typically between 0.35mm and 3mm, in sheet, wide strip, wide slit, strip or cut to length obtained from slit wide strip or sheet Delivered in cut form. Relevant standards are EN 10292, EN 10326, EN 10327 and other hot dip coated products.

ASTM A36

Definition

This specification covers carbon steel shape plates, and bars of structural quality for use in riveted, bolted, or welded construction of bridges and buildings, and for general structural purposes.

A36 is low carbon steel. Low carbon steel is classified as having less than 0.3% carbon by weight. This allows A36 steel to be easily machined, welded, and formed, making it extremely useful as a general-purpose steel.

How A36 is Made?

The manufacturing method of A36 is similar to most carbon steel.

First, the iron ore and coal are mixed in the furnace. The impurities are removed, and alloying elements are added to the molten steel.

Once it reaches the chemical composition of A36 steel, it will solidify into a rectangular ingot. A36 steel is usually hot rolled. This means that when the ingot is at a high temperature, rollers are used to shape it to its final size.

Equivalent

American Standard A36, the tensile strength is 58~80 Ksi (about 400~550MPa), and the yield strength is 36 Ksi (about 250MPa).

European standard S275, the tensile strength is 430~580 MPa, and the yield strength is >=275MPa.

Chinese standard Q235, the tensile strength is 370~500 MPa, and the yield strength is 235MPa.

Japanese standard SS400, the tensile strength is 400~510 MPa, and the yield strength is 245Mpa.

Specification

A36 Mechanical Property

A36 Chemical Composition

A36 Appurtenant Materials

Applications

Due to the relatively good strength, the formability of A36 steel, and the fact that it can be easily welded, it is commonly used as structural steel. It can be found in buildings, bridges, and other large-scale structures.

It is used in bolted, riveted, or welded construction of bridges, buildings, and oil rigs.

It is used in forming tanks, bins, bearing plates, fixtures, rings, templates, jigs, sprockets, cams, gears, base plates, forgings, ornamental works, stakes, brackets, automotive and agricultural equipment, frames, machinery parts.

Heat Treatment

A36 steel can be hardened using a variety of heat treatment processes including:

• Normalizing, which takes place in the range 899 °C to 954 °C
• Carburising, which takes place in the range 899 °C to 927 °C
• Hardening, which takes place in the range 788 °C to 816 °C
• Stress-relieving, which takes place in the range 677 °C to 927 °C

Related articles

ASTM A924

EN 10327

ASTM A792

ASTM A755

Q235 Steel

Conclusion

ASTM A36 is a structural quality mild carbon steel. Its strength, formability, and excellent welding properties make it suitable for a large variety of applications, including welding, fabricating, and bending.